I don't claim to be an expert or have all the answers, however one way the US might begin to compete with the issues you bring up is to place a 20 to 30% tariff on any import coming from a nation that does not meet the same worker safety and environmental standards that US manufacturers must meet to bring the total cost of the item to 2% less than an equivalent price of a US made product. Why 2% less? To provide competition for US manufacturers and keep their prices lower.
In fact, if the social justice warriors want to be involved, a tariff on imports from any nation that does not meet the same worker pay standards are compared to a US worker performing the same job, adjusted for that nation's local economy. In other words, workers in foreign countries must earn a wage that provides them an equivalent standard of living that a US worker would have with the same job function. As for stolen technology, prevent any product that has within it technology protected by patent which has been used in illegal fashion from being sold in the US. Further social justice could also enter the equation by simply not allowing goods from a country which oppresses it's citizens or commits human rights offenses.
China nor any other country need even agree to any of these terms. If Congress would simply pass laws instituting these steps much of the problem would be resolved. Of course China could also up tariffs on US goods but it's not like we sell more to China than they sell to us, in fact we import several times more goods from China than they get from us.
However, there is an even simpler solution; the US will not allow imports in dollar amounts greater than exports to any other nation. In other words, if we import 1 billion dollars worth of Chinese goods China must import 1 billion dollars worth of US goods. No tariffs needed. Dollar for dollar trade is fair and the US has no trade deficit.
I'm sure there are a lot of flaws in my ideas and a lot of things I don't know about or understand, however this kind of out of the box thought process is what needs to be done to solve the problem.
The US CAN be 99% independent of foreign trade. We have been previously. Prior to and during WW II we were exporters of oil, steel and no one in the world beat us in manufacturing. We simply hamstrung ourselves with laws which gave favoritism to foreign trade and it destroyed our industrial base and hurt US workers. Unfortunately when the kind of destruction that has already taken place occurs it can take a decade to rebuild the lost technology and infrastructure to put it back in place. Our military knows this and that is why despite the whining of liberals, funding and orders for new weapons and ships continue even in peacetime. Keeping the skilled workers and heavy industry alive so that it can be a base for war production should it become necessary in the future is essential to national security. You don't build steel mills, ship yards or heavy machinery overnight. Most Americans don't realize that the basic machine tools necessary to build cars or ships are not even made in the US any longer. Where at one time the US had numerous builders of machinery today there are few. Do an Internet search and try to find an Engine Lathe, milling machine or CNC machines entirely made of US components made in the USA. At one time US machine tool manufacturers were numerous, Hardinge, Monarch, South Bend, Atlas, Logan, Pacemaker, Cadillac, Wells Index, Bridgeport, and probably at least 50 others were making machine tools in the US. Today there are few.
Foreign trade is fine, but when it hurts the US it's time to take action and if that means becoming independent of imports until others want to play fair, so be it. The one thing the US has in it's favor is that we are the worlds largest single consumer of goods. Taking the US out of a nation's trade can place a substantial hurt on that nation's economy. If we use our influence over other allies we may be able to get them to stop trading with unfair trade partners as well. China can't eat the cars, radios, cell phones, tools or other goods they produce and one thing their leaders don't want is a starving population and insurrection.
One thing that could help and would take no trade deal at all is a public information program backed by public service messages that encourage the consumer to purchase American made products instead of imports. Things like quality, working conditions, environmental concerns and other negatives of production in China and elsewhere, as well as benefits to the American worker and US economy could be pointed out in an effort to get the US consumer to buy American of his own free will. If the average US citizen were more aware of things he takes for granted I believe he/she would decide to choose US made goods more often. The biggest obstacle to that is that we've already gone down the rabbit hole of imports so far that finding US made products can be a challenge. That is the sad but unmistakable truth of what politicians thinking and doing nothing has accomplished.